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SHORT PAPER
The Impacts of Science
and Technology against the Human Morality
Proposed to require the
examination of translation class
The teacher: Mr.
Sholeh Najmul Millah
Written by: Abdullah Rais
English area of Latee
( E A L )
Annuqayah Latee Islamic
Boarding School
GULUK-GULUK SUMENEP MADURA
2016
INSCRIPTION
I
say thanks very much to the countless people who are very unusual for me as
long as I live in this world. People who always taught me the importance of
life and how life must I go through, they are:
1.
The
great people who are glorified by me; my mother, Mrs. Haliyah and my father Mr.
H. Rasul, may God always gives the best for them both in this world and in
hereafter
2.
The most
special person after both my parents, who is now in the holy jail, Al-Amin, to
get her best achievement across southern there, for you: you're my secret
motivation.
3.
Dear all
English Area of Latee (EAL) tutors who have given me life through an understanding
of English language, particularly Mr. Sholeh Najmul Millah and Mr. Amirul
Mutaqin as the mentors, the partners, the friends who are very exciting.
4.
To all
my friends in English Area of Latee (EAL), the senior and junior, particularly
for them, the members of translation class, you're my best friends, and all of
you who could not be mentioned by me one by one. I Love You.
The last from me; Where I live, there I am
going to dedicate my life. Thanks EAL.
INTRODUCTORY
AUTHOR
All
praise to Allah SWT., who has given me the very best power to finish this short
paper. Therefore, I could feel how wonderful a struggle.
Peace and Shalawat may always be upon to the
prophet Muhammad SAW., the greatest person who is very outstanding, who takes
us from the realm of ignorance to a state which is full by the knowledge.
This short paper was written by me as a
requirement to take the exam in the translation class which is taught by Mr.
sholeh Najmul Millah. I wrote this paper with the theme "The Impact of
Science and Technology against the Human Morality"
Finally; I realized that this short paper is
far from perfect. Then the corrections and suggestions to improve this short
paper are expected by the author. Hopefully this short paper can provide
benefits for the writer in particular and for other people in general.
Amin ya
Rabbal 'Alamin
Guluk-guluk,
November 19th, 2016
The Author
CONTENTS
INSCRIPTION..................................................................................................... I
INTRODUCTORY
AUTHOR .......................................................................... II
CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ III
CHAPTER I: PREFACE .................................................................................. 1
A.
The
Background of Study ...................................................... 1
B.
The Focus of Study ................................................................ 1
C.
The Object of Study ............................................................... 1
CHAPTER II: DISCUSSION ............................................................................ 2
A. The Definition of Science and Technology............................. 2
B. Science and Technology in Islamic Perspective...................... 3
C. Science and Technology against The Human Morality........... 4
D. The Attitude toward The Development of Science and
Technology 9
CHAPTER III: CLOSING................................................................................. 12
A. Conclusion ............................................................................. 12
B. Advise.................................................................................... 12
PREFERENCES ................................................................................................ 13
CHAPTER I
PREFACE
A. The Background of Study
On the
one hand, the development of science and technology has a positive impact which
can improve the quality of human life. As the proves, the various means of
modern industrial, communications, and transportations could be very beneficial
for human. On the other hand, science and technology has a negative impact
which will be harming and endangering the human lives and dignity.
Here,
the role of religion as a way of life is very important to be visited back in.
The progress of science and technology which is now led by the Western
civilization on the last century amazes many people in various parts of the
world. The welfare and prosperity of the material generated by the development
of modern science and technology makes a lot of people admire and imitate the
lifestyle of western civilization without thinking before towards any negative
impact of it.
Can the
religion provide guidance so that we just obtain a positive impact of science
and technology while avoiding the negative impact of science and technology as
minimal as possible? To what extent is Islamic religion can play a role in
controlling the development of modern technology? This short paper is written
entitled “The Impacts of Science and Technology against the Human Morality”
to explain the role of Islam in the development and utilization of these
technologies.
B.
The Object
of Study
1.
What is
the definition of science and technology?
2.
How the
Islamic perspective against science and technology?
3.
What is
science and technology against the human morality?
4.
How is
the attitude toward the development of science and technology?
C.
The Focus
of Study
1.
To know
the definition of science and technology
2.
To know
the Islamic perspective against science and technology
3.
To know
how about science and technology against the human morality is
4.
To know
the attitude toward the development of science and technology
CHAPTER
II
DISCUSSION
A. The Definition of science and technology
Science is the knowledge of the natural phenomena
which is obtained through a process called the scientific method, while
technology is the knowledge and skills which are the application of science in
human life.[1]
The development of science and technology is the result of all the steps and
ideas to broaden, deepen, and develop science and technology. The religion
which is meant here is Islamic religion. The religion revealed by Allah
Almighty to Prophet Muhammad to regulate the human relationship with the
Creator (beliefs and rules of worship), the relationship with himself (with the
rules of morality, food, and clothing), and the relationship with another man.[2]
How is the relationship between religion and science?
In general, based on the reviews ideology that underlies their relationship,
there are three types of paradigms:
The first is secular paradigm. It is a paradigm that sees the religion and science are separate from each other, because in the ideology of secularism, religion has been separated from life. Religion is not denied its existence, but it is only limited its role in human personal relationship with God. Religion does not regulate the public life. This paradigm sees that religion and science cannot interfere and intervene to the other. The religion and science and technology are completely separate both ontological (relating to the meaning or essence of something), epistemological (related to how to get knowledge), and axiological (relating to how to apply knowledge).
The first is secular paradigm. It is a paradigm that sees the religion and science are separate from each other, because in the ideology of secularism, religion has been separated from life. Religion is not denied its existence, but it is only limited its role in human personal relationship with God. Religion does not regulate the public life. This paradigm sees that religion and science cannot interfere and intervene to the other. The religion and science and technology are completely separate both ontological (relating to the meaning or essence of something), epistemological (related to how to get knowledge), and axiological (relating to how to apply knowledge).
Second is the socialist paradigm. It is a paradigm
which denies the existence of religion. Religion does not exist and has no
connection with science and technology. Science can run independently and
completely separated from religion. This paradigm is same with secular paradigm
above, but it is more extreme. This paradigm talks the vertical relationship
man-God. Being in a socialist paradigm, religion was seen as atheistic which is
considered to be non-existent and discarded altogether from life.
This paradigm is based on the thoughts of Karl Marx
who was an atheist. He thinks that religion makes people forget the cruel
oppression of capitalism. Karl Marx said:
"Religion is the sigh of the Oppressed creature,
the heart of the heartless world, just as it is the spirit of a spiritless
situation. It is the opium of the people"
Based on this socialist paradigm, the religion had nothing to do at all with science and technology. The source of science in a socialist paradigm is based on the basic idea of materialism, particularly Dialectical Materialism. The Dialectical Materialism could be understood as an idea that looking at the process of changes that happens constantly through the dialectical process.
Based on this socialist paradigm, the religion had nothing to do at all with science and technology. The source of science in a socialist paradigm is based on the basic idea of materialism, particularly Dialectical Materialism. The Dialectical Materialism could be understood as an idea that looking at the process of changes that happens constantly through the dialectical process.
The third is the paradigm of Islam. This paradigm sees
that religion is the basis and the regulator of life. The basic of Islam
becomes the basis of all sciences.
This is the paradigm of Islam that makes Aqidah Islam
as the basic of all knowledge a Muslim. This paradigm has created the pious
Muslim and also smart in science and technology side.
B. Science and Technology in Islamic Perspective
The
advancement of Science and technology in the world which is now led by the
Western civilization on the last century amazes many people in various parts of
the world. The welfare and prosperity of the material generated by the
development of modern science and technology makes a lot of people admire and
imitate the lifestyle of western civilization without thinking before towards
any negative impact of it.
This
fact is very ironic that Muslims who have inherited the sacred teachings of the
Divine glorious science and technology in the past. They now slumped in his own
country which is actually rich in natural resources, but we are poor in the
quality of human resources (education and science and technology). This problem
based on the fact that only 80% of the world's wealth is controlled by 20% of
the rich population in the developed countries, while 80% of the population of
the poor countries in the world only fight over to get the leftovers of the
developed countries.[3]
It is
ironic that Indonesia is very rich in natural resources of oil and gas, but we
are in crisis and fuel of BBM. Where is our wealth that God gave to our
country? Why have we become an indebted country and the most corrupt in the
world?
This sad
reality already should be a whip for us, Indonesian Muslim, to actively fight
for political independence, economic and the moral of nation and people. This
independence cannot be gotten by us except with the development of mental-moral
(character) of Islamic nation trough understanding toward science and
technology which is based on faith-piety to Allah SWT. We have to fight against
the bad influence of Western culture and hedonic thinking.
The good
morals arise from faith and devotion to Allah as the Source of all Goodness,
Beauty and Glorious. The faith and devotion will only appear when it is started
with understanding of science introduction to Allah SWT Almighty, His power and
majesty.
Islam,
as the last religion orders the people to learn, observe, understand and
reflect on all the events in the universe. In other words, Islam is very
concerned with the development of science and technology.
It is
contrast to the view of the western world which underpins the development of
science and technology just for the sake of the body and secular, while Islam
concerned with the development and mastery of science and technology to be a
means of worship-devotion of Muslims to Allah and to spread mercy for the whole
universe.
C. Science and Technology against The Human
Morality
Science
has many benefits and positive values for mankind. The various facilities are
now perceived by us as the impact of the development of science and technology
which is so rapid. The development of science and technology is something we
cannot avoid it in this life, because it will run in accordance with the
progress of science. Each innovation was created to provide positive benefits
to human life, provide a lot of convenience, as well as a new way to human
activity.
Specialized
in the field of technology, people already enjoy the many benefits of
technologies that have been generated in the last decade. The easy example that
can be seen by us is the positive impact on the development of science and
technology in the field of communications and information technology. The
progress in the field of Internet network has been easier for us to access
information quickly and cost which is very chief. The development in the field
of communication has also made an international trade become easier and faster.
The invention of mobile phones has been easier for us to contact someone
wherever he is or we are. In short, the progress of science and technology has
obliterated any distance, time, and the boundaries between countries.
However,
behind all these, many negative impacts could damage the human morality. The
progress of science and technology that has given much convenience for human
life is regarded as special thing that must be there in the human life. The
development of science and technology is also regarded as the solution of the
existing problems. While people even adore science and technology as the savior
which would carry them out from the difficulties. Science is believed that it
would give mankind happiness. But, human cannot also deceive their selves to
the fact that science and technology wreak could carry the misery for mankind.
In modern civilization, human beings are often stunned by the negative impacts
of science and technology. Even if science is able to uncover all the secrets
of nature and lives, it does not mean it is same with the truth of science and
technology, because science and technology is only able to show the reality.
The truth
that can be believed by human must be more objective reality. The truth must
also include the element of the justice. Science and technology surely does not
know no the human morality, therefore, science can never be standard of truth
or the solution of the problems of humanity. As example of positive and
negative Impacts of science and technology can be seen in the table below:
No
|
Subject
of Analysis
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Object
of Analysis
|
1
|
Department
of Information and Communication
|
a.
We
will quickly get any information
b.
We can
communicate with family and friends through mobile phones
c.
We get
bank services very easily
|
a.
Utilization
of communication services by terrorist networks
b.
The
use of certain information and sites that are on the internet can be misused particular
party for a specific purpose
c.
anxiety
technology
|
The
analysis was conducted on 2 high school students, and they sometimes use the
Internet for things that are not true. Like watching a porn video
|
2
|
Economy and Industry
|
a. Higher economic growth
b. Increasing the productivity of the industrial
world
c. Competition of work in the world that
requires workers to increase their skills and knowledge
|
a. The occurrence of unemployment for workers
who do not possess the qualifications as required
b. consumptive nature
|
The
analyses were performed by minors from the various schools. Most of the
students are already in the facilitation of gadgets
|
3
|
Social
Affairs and Cultures
|
a.
Increased
confidence
b.
Pressure,
the keen competition in various aspects of life as a consequence of
globalization, will give birth to the generation. They are discipline,
diligent and hardworking
|
a.
Moral
deterioration among citizens, especially among teenagers and students
b.
The
delinquency and deviant acts among teenagers are higher
c.
The pattern
of human interaction has changed
|
The
analysis says that most as the students watch porn at the meeting
|
4
|
Field of education
|
a. The advent of the mass media
b. The emergence of new learning methods
c. Learning system must not always in the class
through facing to face
|
a. The delinquency and deviant acts among
teenagers are higher
b. The misuse of knowledge by certain people to
commit crimes
|
The
analysis was conducted on 2 children aged 10 years old. The result is that
they have to learn little more than the time to play online games at an
Internet cafe, watching TV and playing station[4]
|
Humans
have left the essence of science itself that science and technology is the
development of the faith, which is our obedience to the Creator who orders
humans to seek knowledge. Supposedly, science and technology which is developed
by human can improve our faith to Allah SWT. Man must control and direct the
development of science and technology to the right ways. But the reality that
appears says that the development of science and technology makes man free from
His path, even they are controlled by the discovery of the man himself. The
various negative impacts have presented along with the rapid development of
science and technology.
The
world of porn has become craze of children ages 11 to 15 years, while about
1,200 people, teenagers-generations of our nation become the victims of drugs.
It is a challenge and cannot be tolerated. The challenges facing today both
porn and drugs are more dangerous and more violent than terrorism, because the
retailers go directly to the community of students, infiltrate professionally
to homes, even to the school of Muslim. As a result of the progress, the
development of information and communication technology is becoming more
sophisticated today feared to alter even destroy the moral values, ethics,
morals, and faith that have been thickened to the people in a country with the
majority of Muslim population.[5]
We must
also highlight the television which shows some bad characters such as
television images the movie which is liked by a lot of kids that is presented
on the eve of the evening until late at night. This is very dangerous.
Not to
mention, the trend to open the general public via an impression infotainment
program. Economic urgency experienced by most Indonesian people today often
causes people desperate to do anything, including selling their morals just a
few packets of instant noodles or two liters of rice or they will be given a
structural position.
The
various means of communication and transportation were created to simplify all
of the human lives, till the world affairs like the small land that can be
reached easily in a short time without leaving tired and exhausted. In fact,
sixty years ago, the means of communication and transportation is still
minimal. Everything is taken with usual time. But now, everything is instant. A
far distance could be done without spending out much time; it is caused by the
development of sophisticated communications and transportation as well as
increasingly sophisticated technology.
When
phone technology is becoming more sophisticated, the price of electronic is
getting cheaper than before, as well as the marketing distribution network has
been extended to the rural areas. So that, the problem was more tightly
surrounds us. With a cell phone which is completed by camera technology, the
birth of 3G facilities, chatting via the internet and a computer camera, the
direct relationship between humans is becoming wider. People who talk already
posted at the front of the eyes. What is displayed in the camera is the real
state of other people. Her pictures which is being spoiled, smile seductive,
breathy voice that made complacent, it can easily be enjoyed with this sort of
communication facilities.
So when
the moral limits already faded and the supervision of parents disappeared, the
young men and women became more liberal associated with these technologies.
They easily make an appointment to talk intimate with a partner to trick
parents to meet each other. It is very easy to do by using these technologies.
Children
can easily get stuck in the mud of these technologies, especially when it does
not have a strong religious filter. So in the end, the free relationship had by
two couples is easier to do. The result is a disgrace, honor drift, as well as
the black future.
D. The Attitude toward The Development of Science
and Technology
The
change of environments today as the impact of globalization and the development
of science and technology should be recognized that it has provided the
convenience to the activities and needs of human life.
On the
other hand, the development of science and technology raises the concerns about
the behavioral development, especially in the side of students and our young
generations with the growth of new life culture that tends to stay away from
spiritual values. All of these need extra attention of the parents and
educators, especially teachers who are often in direct contact with students.
On the
positive side, the development of science and technology has created a strong
awareness on the part of our students to the importance of having the expertise
and skills. It is important to create the better life in the future.
One of
the efforts to cope with the influence of circumstances such as this time is
starting from the family. How is the approach of parents to the children and
the children to the parents? There many children who do not like the activities
noticed by their parents. Here, the active role of parents to seek ways of
approaching their children so they can control their children.
Each man
was given guidance by Allah in the form of "tools" to achieve and
reveal the truth. This guidance is;
1.
The
senses, to capture the truth of the physical
2.
The
instinct to save the human and social lives
3.
The mind
or rational abilities which are able to develop the ability of the three types
of rational knowledge (ordinary knowledge, scientific and philosophy).
4.
The
imagination which is able to create the creativity and enhance their knowledge
5.
The
conscience. It is a man's ability to be able to grasp the truth of human
behavior as an immoral creature.[6]
In the
face of the development of the human culture with the development of science
and technology which is very rapid, we need to find the links between the
values of Islamic system with these developments. In the face of the development
of science and technology, the Muslim scientists can be classified in three
groups, they are;
1.
The
group that considers modern science and technology is neutral
2.
The
group that works with modern science and technology, but also tries to learn
the history and philosophy of science in order to filter out elements that are
not Islamic
3.
The
groups that believe in Islam and try to build science and technology.[7]
In the
Islamic concept, there is no strict separation between religion and science,
because basically, the science of human development is the “path” to find the
truth of God itself. So, according to Islamic view, science and technology mush
be meaningful as worship.
From the
explanation above, the "essence" of the attitude toward science and
technology which is Islamic is utilizing of the development of science and
technology to enhance the human dignity and improve the quality of worship to
Allah SWT. The truth of science and technology is comparable to the emergence
of science and technology itself.
Science
and technology would be beneficial if:
1.
Closer
to God's truth and not keep him away
2.
Can help
people realize their goals
3.
To
provide guidance for others
4.
It must
resolve the issue of human.[8]
CHAPTER
III
CLOSING
CLOSING
A.
Conclusions
Some
explanations that have been explained above can be concluded as follows:
1.
Science
and technology can be understood as the science of natural phenomena which is
obtained through a process called the scientific method. While the technology
is the knowledge and skills which are the application of science itself in the
human life.
2.
Islamic
religious looks the development of science and technology as a way to get
closer to God. This is different with the western understanding that only makes
science and technology as a satisfying of the life.
3.
Science
and technology gives positive and also negative impacts for human morality.
These negative impacts are caused by the misuse of science and technology by
the man himself.
4.
The
attitude against science and technology is that we must know the correct way to
use science and technology. In general, this can be done by making science and
technology as a way to get closer to Allah.
B.
Advise
The
development of science and technology could not be rejected it existence by us.
It will run fast living the classic one behind. As a Muslim, we have
responsibility to keep the existence of Islamic religion in this sophisticated
era. We must have a different worldview than western people who just regarded
the existence of science and technology as the development of science itself,
but we have to make this change as a tool to be closer to Allah SWT.
PREFERENCES
Books
Rohman Taufiq. 2006. Antrapologi 2.
Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia
Musthafa M. 2013. Sekolah dalam Himpitan
google dan Bimbel. Yogyakarta: KHiS
Nasir Ridlwan. 2004. Institusi Sosial di
Tengah Perubahan Esai Pendidikan dan Sosio-Budaya. Surabaya: Jenggala
Pustaka Utama
Internet
http://webblog.penyikapaniptek5md?hd.blogger.com
[1] Taufiq Rohman,
Antropologi 2, (Jakarta:Penerbit, Ghalia Indonesia, 2006), Page: 56
[2]
http://peran_agama_terhadap_iptek.org.m-sastra98lg
[3] M.Musthafa, Sekolah
dalam himpitan google dan Bimbel,(Yogyakarta:Penerbit, LKiS, 2013), page:
181
[4] Ibid, page:
185
[5] Ibid, page:
187
[6]
http://webblog.penyikapaniptek5md?hd.blogger.com
[7] Ibid
[8] Ridlwan Nasir,
Institusi Sosial di Tengah Perubahan Esay Pendidikan dan sosio-budaya,
(Surabaya: Penerbit, Jenggala Pustaka Utama, 2004), Page: 123
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